| Sylvia Plath USA
SYLVIA PLATH
1932-1963
by Andrena Zawinski

Sylvia Plath, a poet's whose life story may have for
some become more her legacy than the poems themselves, has been both
revered and criticized as a poet and a person with equal gusto.
Plath was a prolific writer; besides the poetry for which she became so
well known, she created fiction, kept copious notebooks, recorded
faithfully in journals, and composed countless letters. While her
entrance onto the poetry scene burst with early recognition and bravada,
it simultaneously suffered the critical dismissal of her
body of work as "confessional." Likewise, her Nazi references were
spurned as insensitive and superficial. Her private course through this,
coupled with a failing marriage, may have routed her along a rocky
course to the end that was a tragedy of tragedies.
Boston born Plath saw scholarship at Smith with election to Phi Beta
Kappa, but then there came the documentation of her emotional breakdown
during her junior year in college in The Bell Jar. The novel, first published under the pseudonym Victoria
Lucas, documents the effect of the repressive and sometimes crippling
effect of the 1950s era on a young woman with something to say about her
life. (The posthumous publication of Letters Home in 1975 by her mother
provides further insight into the sources of Plath's ingenuity and woe,
closely paralleling The Bell Jar.) Earlier years for Plath before that,
at least to casual observation, seemed to evolve as any childhood
might, even unremarkably. According to her mother, Sylvia was in good
health and spirit and enjoyed much attention.
The elegy "Daddy" that Plath wrote for her father Otto, who died in
1940 afflicted by lung cancer and diabetes, marks the only groundswell
noted from Plath's childhood years, one that may have left an indelible
mark on her ("I'll never speak to God again!" she was noted to have
said): |

DADDY
Daddy
You do not do, you do not do
Any more, black shoe
In which I have lived like a foot
For thirty years, poor and white,
Barely daring to breathe or Achoo.
Daddy, I have had to kill you.
You died before I had time---
Marble-heavy, a bag full of God,
Ghastly statue with one gray toe
Big as a Frisco seal
And a head in the freakish Atlantic
Where it pours bean green over blue
In the waters off the beautiful Nauset.
I used to pray to recover you.
Ach, du.
In the German tongue, in the Polish town
Scraped flat by the roller
Of wars, wars, wars.
But the name of the town is common.
My Polack friend
Says there are a dozen or two.
So I never could tell where you
Put your foot, your root,
I never could talk to you.
The tongue stuck in my jaw.
It stuck in a barb wire snare.
Ich, ich, ich, ich,
I could hardly speak.
I thought every German was you.
And the language obscene
An engine, an engine,
Chuffing me off like a Jew.
A Jew to Dachau, Auschwitz, Belsen.
I began to talk like a Jew.
I think I may well be a Jew.
The snows of the Tyrol, the clear beer of Vienna
Are not very pure or true.
With my gypsy ancestress and my weird luck
And my Taroc pack and my Taroc pack
I may be a bit of a Jew.
I have always been sacred of you,
With your Luftwaffe, your gobbledygoo.
And your neat mustache
And your Aryan eye, bright blue.
Panzer-man, panzer-man, O You----
Not God but a swastika
So black no sky could squeak through.
Every woman adores a Fascist,
The boot in the face, the brute
Brute heart of a brute like you.
You stand at the blackboard, daddy,
In the picture I have of you,
A cleft in your chin instead of your foot
But no less a devil for that, no not
Any less the black man who
Bit my pretty red heart in two.
I was ten when they buried you.
At twenty I tried to die
And get back, back, back to you.
I thought even the bones would do.
But they pulled me out of the sack,
And they stuck me together with glue.
And then I knew what to do.
I made a model of you,
A man in black with a Meinkampf look
And a love of the rack and the screw.
And I said I do, I do.
So daddy, I'm finally through.
The black telephone's off at the root,
The voices just can't worm through.
If I've killed one man, I've killed two---
The vampire who said he was you
And drank my blood for a year,
Seven years, if you want to know.
Daddy, you can lie back now.
There's a stake in your fat black heart
And the villagers never liked you.
They are dancing and stamping on you.
They always knew it was you.
Daddy, daddy, you bastard, I'm through.

| Plath went on to receive a Fulbright at Cambridge,
married Ted Hughes, had a daughter Frieda then son Nicholas in 1960 and
1962. Plath was overwhelmed by teaching, moved to London, and took her
own life in 1963 after other suicide attempts. Plath wrote "By
Candlelight" (from Ariel, her second collection of poetry) just before
she moved from Dorset to London when her husband, the English poet
laureate, left her (and their infant child and toddler) for another
woman. In that frigid London winter, she taped the doors of the
kitchen shut, stuck her head in the gas oven and was gone. In this
poem the poet addresses a baby she wishes to put to sleep: |
BY CANDLELIGHT
This is winter, this is night, small love
A sort of black horsehair,
A rough, dumb country stuff
Steeled with the sheen
Of what green stars can make it to our
gate.
I hold you on my arm.
It is very late.
The dull bells tongue the hour.
The mirror floats us at one candle power.
This is the fluid in which we meet each
other,
This haloey radiance that seems to breathe
And lets our shadows wither
Only to blow
Them huge again, violent giants on the
wall.
One match scratch makes you real.
At first the candle will not bloom at all
‹
It snuffs its bud
To almost nothing, to a dull blue dud.
I hold my breath until you creak to life,
Balled hedgehog,
Small and cross. The yellow knife
Grows tall. You clutch your bars.
My singing makes you roar.
I rock you like a boat
Across the Indian carpet, the cold floor,
While the brass man
Kneels, back bent, as best he can
Hefting his white pillar with the light
That keeps the sky at bay,
The sack of black! It is everywhere,
tight, tight!
He is yours, the little brassy Atlas ‹
Poor heirloom, all you have,
At his heels a pile of five brass
cannonballs,
No child, no wife.
Five balls! Five bright brass balls!
To juggle with, my love, when the sky
falls.

| "Tulips," a poem written from the hospital after
Plath's miscarriage, does not express the usual gratitude a gift merits.
Instead it ischaracterized as quite the intrusion during her recovery --
thetulips are "lead sinkers" around her neck that are
"excitable," that "eat oxygen." This poem, like Plath's
experience of a life that to some might have then appeared on the
surface a charmed one, digs in and tells another bit of the truth as she
knew it: |
TULIPS
The tulips are too excitable, it is winter here.
Look how white everything is, how quiet, how
snowed-in.
I am learning peacefulness, lying by myself
quietly
As the light lies on these white walls, this
bed, these hands.
I am nobody; I have nothing to do with
explosions.
I have given my name and my day-clothes up to
the nurses
And my history to the anesthetist and my body to
surgeons.
They have propped my head between the pillow and
the sheet-cuff
Like an eye between two white lids that will not
shut.
Stupid pupil, it has to take everything in.
The nurses pass and pass, they are no trouble,
They pass the way gulls pass inland in their
white caps,
Doing things with their hands, one just the same
as another,
So it is impossible to tell how many there are.
My body is a pebble to them, they tend it as
water
Tends to the pebbles it must run over, smoothing
them gently.
They bring me numbness in their bright needles,
they bring me sleep
Now I have lost myself I am sick of baggage
My patent leather overnight case like a black
pillbox,
My husband and child smiling out of the family
photo;
Their smiles catch onto my skin, little smiling
hooks.
I have let things slip, a thirty-year~old cargo
boat
Stubbornly hanging on to my name and address.
They have swabbed me clear of my loving
associations.
Scared and bare on the green plastic-pillowed
trolley
I watched my teaset, my bureaus of linen, my
books
Sink out of sight, and the water went over my
head.
I am a nun now, I have never been so pure.
I didn't want any flowers, I only wanted
To lie with my hands turned up and be utterly
empty.
How free it is, you have no idea how free -
The peacefulness is so big it dazes you,
And it asks nothing, a name tag, a few trinkets.
It is what the dead close on, finally; I imagine
them
Shutting their mouths on it, like a Communion
tablet.
The tulips are too red in the first place, they
hurt me.
Even through the gift paper I could hear them
breathe
Lightly, through their white swaddlings, like an
awful baby.
Their redness talks to my wound, it corresponds.
They are subtle: they seem to float, though they
weigh me down
Upsetting me with their sudden tongues and their
color,
A dozen red lead sinkers round my neck.
Nobody watched me before, now I am watched.
The tulips turn to me, and the window behind me
Where once a day the light slowly widens and
slowly thins,
And I see myself, flat, ridiculous, a cut-paper
shadow
Between the eye of the sun and the eyes of the
tulips,
And I have no face, I have wanted to efface
myself
The vivid tulips eat my oxygen.
Before they came the air was calm enough,
Coming and going, breath by breath, without any
fuss.
Then the tulips filled it up like a loud noise.
Now the air snags and eddies round them the way
a river
Snags and eddies round a sunken rust-red engine.
They concentrate my attention, that was happy
Playing and resting without committing itself.
The walls, also, seem to be warming themselves.
The tulips should be behind bars like dangerous
animals;
They are opening like the mouth of some great
African cat,
And I am aware of my heart: it opens and closes
Its bowl of red blooms out of sheer love of me.
The water I taste is warm and salt, like the
sea,
And comes from a country far away as health.
| The Colossus (1960) was her first book of poetry. In it
a highly crafted confessional style emerged; and like her poetry
published after her suicide, it revealed an increasing self-absorption
and obsession with death. |
THE COLOSSUS
I shall never get you put together entirely,
Pieced, glued, and properly jointed.
Mule-bray, pig-grunt and bawdy cacles
Proceed from your great lips.
It's worse than a barnyard.
Perhaps you consider yourself an oracle,
Mouthpiece of the dead, or of some god or other.
Thirty years now I have labored
To dredge the silt from your throat.
I am none the wiser.
Scaling little ladders with gluepots and pails of lysol
I crawl like an ant in mourning
Over the weedy acres of your brow
To mend the immense skull plates and clear
The bald, white tumili of your eyes.
A blue sky out of the Oresteia
Arches above us. O father, all by yourself
You are pithy and historical as the Roman Forum.
I open my lunch on a hill of black cypress.
Your fluted bones and acanthine hair are littered
In their old anarchy to the horizon-line.
It would take more than a lightning-stroke
To create such a ruin.
Nights, I squat in the cornucopia
Of your left ear, out of the wind,
Counting the red stars and those of plum-color.
The sun rises under the pillar of your tongue.
my hours are married to shadow.
No longer do I listen for the scrape of a keel
On the blank stones of the landing.
| In all Plath's suicide attempts, she preferred crawling
out of sight. She long complained about her weariness, about never
getting enough sleep. Perhaps then she sounds a warning and takes her
leave in this signature piece, "Lady Lazarus": |
LADY LAZARUS
I have done it again.
One year in every ten
I manage it--
A sort of walking miracle, my skin
Bright as a Nazi lampshade,
My right foot
A paperweight,
My face a featureless, fine
Jew linen.
Peel off the napkin
O my enemy,
Do I terrify?--
The nose, the eye pits, the full set of teeth?
The sour breath
Will vanish in a day.
Soon, soon the flesh
The grave cave ate will be
At home on me
And I a smiling woman.
I am only thirty.
And like the cat I have nine times to die.
This is Number Three.
What a trash
To annihilate each decade.
What a million filaments.
The peanut-crunching crowd
Shoves in to see
Them unwrap me hand and foot--
The big strip tease.
Gentlemen, ladies,
These are my hands,
My knees.
I may be skin and bone,
Nevertheless, I am the same, identical woman.
The first time it happened I was ten.
It was an accident.
The second time I meant
To last it our and not come back at all.
I rocked shut
As a seashell.
They had to call and call
And pick the worms off me like sticky pearls.
Dying
Is an art, like everything else.
I do it exceptionally well.
I do it so it feels like hell.
I do it so it feels real.
I guess you could say I've a call.
It's easy enough to do it in a cell.
It's easy enough to do it and stay put.
It's the theatrical
Comeback in broad day
To the same place, the same face, the same brute
Amused shout:
"A miracle!"
That knocks me out.
There is a charge
For the eyeing of my scars, there is a charge
For the hearing of my heart--
It really goes.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
For these poems and further reading on Sylvia Plath, see:
http://www.hebdenbridge.co.uk/plath/index.html
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
srv/style/books/features/19980315.htm
http://www.hebdenbridge.co.uk/plath/tulips.html
http://gurlpages.com/ariel_doll/velvet.html
http://gurlpages.com/ariel_doll/velvet.html
http://endeavor.med.nyu.edu/lit-med/lit-med-db/webdocs/webdescrips/plath4
3-des-.html
a highly recommended link:
http://www.randomhouse.com/boldtype/1100/plath/
--
For a complete list of Plath publications see:
http://www.hebdenbridge.co.uk/plath/books.htmlsrv/style/books/features/19
980315.htm
http://library.thinkquest.org/27864/data/plath/spworks.html
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